#zinc#pneumonia#nutrition

Zinc

Can it help pneumonia in adults?

By Charles Li, MD
December 4th, 2020

Why Pneumonia Matters

In adults and particularly for the elderly, pneumonia can be deadly.

It is one of the leading cause of death for those over 65. Pneumonia causes around 1 million hospitalizations a year in the US alone and leads to over 50,000 deaths.

Needless to say, anything that can help us reduce the number of pneumonia cases and deaths will be of great benefit to society.

Key Statistics
The Impact of Pneumonia
1 Million
Hospitalizations
Around 1 mil. adults get hospitalized each year with Pneumonia in the USA.
50,000
Deaths
It kills around 50,000 adults per year in the USA.
85%
of deaths are in adults ages 65+. Pneumonia disproportionately affects the elderly.
  
Pneumonia causes around one million hospitalizations per year. It kills around 50,000 adults in the USA. 85% of deaths are in adults ages 65+. Pneumonia disproportionately affects the elderly.

Zinc and the Immune System

One of the least studied interventions for pneumonia happens to be nutrition. While taking large doses of vitamins may not necessarily help, repairing nutritional deficiencies can potentially help boost the immune system.

Your immune system is one of the most complex systems in nature. A diverse team of cells depends on adequate nutrition, vitamins, and minerals, in order to keep functioning at their maximum levels. Not getting enough nutrients can potentially hinder your immune system as it fights off infections.

One nutrient that has been zeroed in on and studied has been zinc. Zinc is a metal that you consume as you eat food. It has been shown to play significant roles in supporting your immune system.
It helps the cells that fight off viruses, it supports the cells that eat up bacteria, and it helps your body modulate inflammation as part of the immune response.

Research Summary
Zinc and the Immune System
Viral Defense
Zinc supports the development and maturation of T-cells. These kill virus-infected cells.
Bacterial Defense
Your body needs zinc for macrophages. These cells "eat up" the bacteria that they find.
Inflammation Control
Like firemen, zinc helps keep inflammation under control and keeps it from damaging your body.
  
Zinc plays a diverse and important role in supporting the immune system. It helps build T-cells to fight viruses, macrophages to eat up bacteria, and it keeps inflammation under control.

We know much of this by observing those who don’t get enough zinc. We know that their immune system starts to malfunction due to the importance of adequate nutrition in fighting off disease.


However, this doesn’t mean that you should go and take a big dose of zinc. Rather, it supports the importance of eating a balanced diet to ensure that you get enough nutrients.

Zinc vs. Pneumonia

In order to see whether zinc helps pneumonia prevention and recovery, researchers perforned a study across several nursing homes in New England.

Nursing home residents are very high risk of pneumonia as they live in close quarters with other people and they tend to be much older with other health conditions.

Researchers split residents into those who did not have enough zinc in their blood and those who did have enough zinc.

They then examined medical records to see whether there were any differences in their pneumonia rates and recovery.

Zinc and Pneumonia
Can it prevent it?
Observational Study
998 Elderly Volunteers
50%
mainmain
Fewer cases of pneumonia with enough Zinc
Length of Pneumonia Infection
Adequate Zinc
2.6 Days
Low Zinc
3.9 Days
Meydani et al
A study of 998 elderly volunteers in nursing home found that those who get enough zinc are 50% less likely to get pneumonia. Additionally, those who get enough zinc have shorter pneumonia recovery times.

They found that overall, those who get enough zinc were 50% less likely to get pneumonia compared to those who did not have enough zinc.

Additionally, they found that those who have enough zinc also recovered much faster from pneumonia compared to those with zinc deficiency.

Experts on Zinc and Pneumonia

It's still too early to declare zinc as a treatment for pneumonia. The study was not a randomized clinical trial, the gold standard of medical studies. However, it does offer some initial evidence for the potential benefits of getting enough zinc when it comes to preventing pneumonia.

At this point, experts don’t yet emphasize zinc as a preventative measure for pneumonia. However, it has been generally supported as a nutrient that helps immune system.

"Zinc is found in cells throughout the body. It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. The body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells."
Office of Dietary Supplements
"A study shows that zinc stops the immune system from spiralling out of control, as happens when people develop sepsis. The researchers say the findings could also explain why taking zinc supplements at the start of a cold can stem its severity."
BBC